Garden Forwardtree
Holm oak
Quercus ilex
Growing guidance
Horticultural figures below are practitioner estimates for planning, pending expert review. The botanical record further down is sourced and verifiable.
Current-climate suitability
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Future-climate resilience
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Sun
Full sun
Soil moisture
free-draining, average
Heat tolerance
Up to about 44°C
Cold tolerance
Down to about -12°C
Waterlogging tolerance
2/5
Drought tolerance
5/5
Mature size
8–18 m tall, 10 m spread
Seasonal interest
Evergreen · Dark green
Maintenance
low
Wildlife supported
General wildlife value 4/5 (verified species relationships are shown only where structured data exists)
Known risks or warnings
Naturalises in some regions; dense shade beneath.
Toxicity: mild
Verified botanical record
- Accepted scientific name
- Quercus ilex L.
- Family
- Fagaceae (Fagales)
- Rank and status
- species · accepted
- GBIF record
- Taxon 2879098
Recorded as introduced in: Azores, Belgium, Canary Is., Channel Is., Cyprus, England, Flemish Region, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Krym, Madeira and 10 further regions
Ranges are exactly as recorded in the GBIF source checklists and may be incomplete for widely cultivated species.
The holm oak (Quercus ilex), also called the holly oak, is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the section Ilex of the genus, with acorns that mature in a single summer.
Description from Wikipedia — Quercus ilex (CC BY-SA), shortened and unedited in substance.
Native status and geographic context
- United Kingdom: climate-suitable
- United States: climate-suitable
- Australia: climate-suitable
Native status is never inferred from climate similarity. Plants restricted or invasive in a jurisdiction are excluded from recommendations there.
Demonstration data. Climate, plant and retailer records shown here are realistic samples awaiting horticultural validation and live data connections.