perennial

Verbena bonariensis

Climate-suitable non-native

Current-climate suitability

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Future-climate resilience

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Sun

Full sun

Soil moisture

free-draining, average

Heat tolerance

Up to about 42°C

Cold tolerance

Down to about -12°C

Waterlogging tolerance

1/5

Drought tolerance

4/5

Mature size

1.2–1.8 m tall, 0.5 m spread

Seasonal interest

Summer to autumn · Violet

Maintenance

low

Wildlife supported

General wildlife value 5/5 (verified species relationships are shown only where structured data exists)

Known risks or warnings

Declared a weed in several Australian states.

Toxicity: none

Native status is never inferred from climate similarity. Plants restricted or invasive in a jurisdiction are excluded from recommendations there.

Demonstration data. Climate, plant and retailer records shown here are realistic samples awaiting horticultural validation and live data connections.